A FORRESTER TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY COMMISSIONED BY APPLE
The Total Economic Impact™
Of Apple Devices For K-12
Education
JANUARY 2023
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
Table Of Contents
Executive Summary ................................................. 3
The Apple Devices for Education Customer
Journey ..................................................................... 8
Use Cases .............................................................. 8
Key Challenges ...................................................... 8
Why Apple? ............................................................ 9
Typical Apple Devices Use Cases ......................... 9
Voice of the Customer: Customer Journey .......... 10
Composite Organization ....................................... 11
Analysis Of Educational Benefits ........................ 12
Evaluating The Impact Of Educational Benefits ... 12
Analysis Of School District Benefits ................... 14
Avoided Legacy Technology Costs ...................... 14
Device Residual Value Cost Savings ................... 16
IT Operational Efficiency ...................................... 17
Strategic Flexibility ............................................... 18
Analysis Of Costs .................................................. 20
Device And Training Costs ................................... 20
Analysis Of Additional Benefits ........................... 22
Teacher Productivity Improvement .................. 22
Improved Teacher Retention ............................. 23
Improved Student Enrollment ........................... 24
Recaptured Student Academic Time ................ 25
Financial Summary ................................................ 26
Appendix A: Total Economic Impact ................... 27
Appendix B: Interview And Survey Demographics
................................................................................. 28
Appendix C: Additional Benefit Tables ............... 30
Improved Teacher Retention ............................. 31
Improved Student Enrollment ........................... 32
Recaptured Student Academic Time ................ 33
Appendix D: Endnotes .......................................... 34
Consulting Team: Nicholas Ferrif
Luca Son
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 3
Executive Summary
Following rapid adoption at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, device and
technology use is the new normal for education. K-12 organizations must optimize their
device and technology programs to strengthen student outcomes and engagement while
keeping costs in check. Additionally, teachers need tools that offer flexibility, support,
and innovative ways of teaching, and school districts can empower them by providing
secure, reliable, and robust technology that can also be efficiently managed by IT staff.
The Apple device ecosystem for K-12 education
includes Apple devices, software, and services that
equip students with a secure, durable, and intuitive
way to engage in learning. Apple devices help
teachers streamline classroom learning and facilitate
a diverse array of lesson plans and enable students
to integrate and demonstrate their learning in more
creative and engaging ways.
Apple commissioned Forrester Consulting to conduct
a Total Economic Impact (TEI) study and examine
the potential return on investment (ROI) that K-12
educational organizations may realize by deploying
Apple devices for their students and teachers.
1
The
purpose of this study is to provide readers with a
framework to evaluate the potential financial and
educational impact of using Apple devices for
education in their organizations.
To better understand the benefits, costs, and risks
associated with this investment, Forrester interviewed
eight representatives who work in education and
surveyed 234 educational employee respondents
with experience deploying technology for students at
their organizations. For the purposes of this study,
Forrester aggregated the experiences of the
interviewees and survey respondents and combined
the results into a single composite organization, a
U.S.-based public school district serving 10,000
students across grades K-12.
Prior to using Apple devices for their students and
teachers, interviewees discussed their organizations
experiences with non-Apple devices and a variety of
deployment strategies. These included a non-Apple
device 1:1 program, a mixed device 1:1 program, and
no prior 1:1 program. Prior device strategies yielded
mixed results, leaving organizations with limited
instructional flexibility, fragile and unreliable devices,
IT resource constraints, and security challenges.
Key results from the investment in a 1:1 Apple device
program include improved collaboration for students
and teachers, improved device reliability and
resiliency, lengthened device lifecycle, greater IT
operational efficiencies, and fewer security threats.
KEY STATISTICS
Improved teacher productivity:
30 hours per year
Reduced device maintenance and
management labor:
35%
Device residual value after four-
year lifecycle:
iPad: 20%
MacBook Air: 25%
Return on investment (ROI):
48%
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
For the purposes of this study, t
prior,
non-Apple devices.
KEY QUANTIFIED FINDINGS
Quantified benefits. Four-year, risk-adjusted
present value (PV) quantified benefits for the
composite organization include:
• Avoided legacy technology costs totaling
$3.67 million. The composite organization
avoids legacy device refresh costs, refreshes
devices less frequently due to longer Apple
device lifecycles, and avoids additional hardware
and replacement costs by investing in a fully
Apple 1:1 device program.
• Device residual value cost savings of
$469,000 after one device lifecycle. iPad and
MacBook Air devices retain 20% and 25% of their
original value, respectively, by the end of their
four-year lifecycle. This allows the composite
organization to resell used iPad models to third
parties and reinvest those savings into its device
program or other initiatives.
• Improved IT operational efficiency, saving
$999,000. The composite organization realizes
35% greater operational efficiency for IT teams
managing Apple devices due to their nearly out-
of-the-box deployment process, fewer help-desk
requests, less time spent on repairs, and security
posture improvement. As a result, the composite
organization reallocates 2.8 FTEs worth of time
to other value add tasks.
Costs. Four-year, risk-adjusted PV costs for the
composite organization include:
• The composite spends $3.46 million to
implement Apple devices. The composite
organization realizes the following costs in its
investment in Apple devices: iPad and MacBook
Air devices, peripherals, device management
software, and IT administration training to deploy
and manage Apple devices.
The financial analysis, which is based on the
interviews and survey, found that a composite
organization experiences benefits of $5.14 million
over three years versus costs of $3.46 million, adding
up to a net present value (NPV) of $1.67 million and
an ROI of 48%.
KEY ADDITIONAL FINDINGS
Additional benefits. Four-year, risk-adjusted present
value (PV) additional benefits that are not included in
the ROI calculation but are important for school
districts to consider:
• Improved teacher productivity by 1.5 hours
per week. By leveraging iPad and MacBook Air
models in the classroom, teachers in
improved lesson
plan collaboration, communication with
administrators, and student monitoring and
assistance.
across devices, teachers worked on their
preferred device at their preferred time, which
reduced the amount of time it took to perform
day-to-day tasks like grading, planning, research,
and checking-in on students.
• Reduced teacher churn by 15%. With Apple
devices, survey respondents experienced less
teacher churn compared to when they had non-
Apple devices. A survey of educational
organizations found that 41% of respondents who
leverage Apple devices reported an improvement
to teacher retention rates since deploying Apple.
On average, respondents reported a 31%
reduction in teacher churn.
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Improved student enrollment by 2%. One
interviewee reported a 4% boost to enrollment
and a 75% reduction in dropout rates, attributing
the results to their Apple devices.
• Recaptured 1.9 academic days per student
per year. Interviewees reported that there was
less friction with Apple devices in their
classrooms compared to legacy devices, and
both students and teachers reported that Apple
devices were more intuitive and easier to use for
educational purposes. This led to greater
efficiency and academic time back to the
students.
Strategic Flexibility. There are multiple scenarios in
which a customer might implement Apple devices for
Education and later realize additional uses and
opportunities to create value, including:
• Streamlined presentation, sharing, and
collaboration with Apple TV.
• Apple support and training.
FINANCIAL METRICS GLOSSARY
Return on Investment (ROI)
(or profit) in
percentage terms. Calculated by dividing net
benefits (benefits minus costs) by costs. For
example, an ROI of 48% indicates that for every
$1.00 invested in Apple devices, the composite
organization receives $1.48 back in value.
Present Value (PV)
The present value is value right now of some
amount of money in the future. For costs or
benefits that are expected to happen in the
future, a discount rate (interest rate) is used to
calculate the value of those future dollars in. For
example, if an organization will earn $1,000 next
year, the present value is the current worth of
that sum.
2
Net Present Value (NPV)
The present or current value of a given project or
initiative calculated by converting all cashflows
(costs and benefits) into present value and then
subtracting PV costs from PV benefits. A positive
project NPV typically indicates that an investment
should be made.
Discount Rate
The interest rate used to calculate the present
value and the time value of money. For this
model, the discount rate is 10%.
Executive director of technology,
school district
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Avoided legacy
technology costs
$3,667,627
Device residual
value cost savings
$469,027
IT operational efficiency
$998,508
Benefits (Four-Year)
four-year total benefits PV
$5.1 million
$999,000
$469,000
$3.67 million
ROI
48%
BENEFITS PV
$5.1M
NPV
$1.7M
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TEI FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY
From the information provided in the interviews and
survey, Forrester constructed a Total Economic
Impact framework for those organizations
considering an investment in Apple devices for
Education.
The objective of the framework is to identify the
benefits, costs, flexibility, and risk factors that affect
the investment decision. Forrester took a multistep
approach to evaluate the impact that Apple devices
for Education can have on an organization.
DUE DILIGENCE
Interviewed Apple stakeholders and Forrester
analysts to gather data relative to Apple devices
for Education.
INTERVIEWS AND SURVEY
Interviewed eight representatives within six
school districts and surveyed 234 respondents
at organizations using Apple devices for
education to obtain data with respect to costs,
benefits, and risks.
COMPOSITE ORGANIZATION
Designed a composite organization based on
characteristics of the interviewees and survey
respondents.
FINANCIAL MODEL FRAMEWORK
Constructed a financial model representative of
the interviews and survey using the TEI
methodology and risk-adjusted the financial
model based on issues and concerns of the
interviewees and survey respondents.
CASE STUDY
Employed four fundamental elements of TEI in
modeling the investment impact: benefits, costs,
flexibility, and risks. Given the increasing
sophistication of ROI analyses related to IT
provides a complete picture of the total
economic impact of purchase decisions. Please
see Appendix A for additional information on the
TEI methodology.
DISCLOSURES
Readers should be aware of the following:
This study is commissioned by Apple and delivered by
Forrester Consulting. It is not meant to be used as a
competitive analysis.
Forrester makes no assumptions as to the potential ROI
that other organizations will receive. Forrester strongly
advises that readers use their own estimates within the
framework provided in the study to determine the
appropriateness of an investment in Devices for
Education.
Apple reviewed and provided feedback to Forrester, but
Forrester maintains editorial control over the study and its
findings and does not accept changes to the study that
the study.
Apple provided the customer names for the interviews but
did not participate in the interviews.
Forrester fielded the double-blind survey using a third-
party survey partner.
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 8
The Apple Devices for Education Customer Journey
Drivers leading to the Devices for Education investment
USE CASES
Forrester interviewed eight representatives from six
school districts and surveyed 234 respondents with
experience using Apple and non-Apple devices for
education at their Pre-K-12and K-12 organizations.
For details on these individuals and the organizations
they represent, see Appendix B.
Before the investment in Apple devices, interviewee
organizations came from one of three prior
environments:
• Non-Apple device 1:1 program. These
organizations leveraged non-Apple devices for
students and teachers.
• Mixed devices 1:1 program. One organization
deployed iPad models for K-1, non-Apple devices
for grades 2-12, and MacBook Air models for
over 97% of teachers and admins.
• No 1:1 device program. These organizations
relied on computer labs and carts.
KEY CHALLENGES
Both interviewees and survey respondents noted how
their organizations struggled with common
challenges, particularly with non-Apple device
environments, including:
• Student engagement and teaching outcomes
suffered with legacy devices. Interviewees had
limited instructional and learning flexibility while
using legacy devices. Teachers lacked tools for
students to demonstrate learning in creative,
engaging ways. Presenting, file sharing,
monitoring, and instructing students were
cumbersome for teachers due to disparate
devices and ecosystems. For students, legacy
devices were reportedly less engaging and less
intuitive, especially for younger students. Student
engagement and teaching outcomes suffered as
a result.
• Fragile and unreliable devices. Legacy devices
frequently broke, which led to excess repair and
replacement costs. Legacy devices had little to
no resale value, with one customer reportedly
spending money to recycle legacy devices. The
We went to see
other districts and heard their [non-Apple]
devices were highly prone to breakages and that
quality had not improved. We have not had the
same experience with Apple in our district since
we started.
• Excess security risk. Interviewees and survey
respondents experienced more security alerts
and incidents with non-Apple devices. The
superintendent of a school district told Forrester:
r teachers had a hard time relying on the
technology [in our legacy environment]. A lot of
those types of issues. Our staff and students can
• IT resource constraints. Interviewees reported
that IT administrators and technicians were
inundated with tasks and often in break-fix mode,
especially as it pertained to fixing legacy devices,
Superintendent, school district
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 9
THE APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION CUSTOMER JOURNEY
addressing security concerns, and responding to
general tickets.
• Limited access to technology. School districts
who did not have a prior 1:1 device program
before Apple struggled to provide a technology-
forward student experience. This limited
access to technology, educational outcomes, and
preparedness for post-education opportunities.
WHY APPLE?
The interviewees and survey respondents cited
several reasons for choosing Apple, including:
• Enhanced instruction and collaboration
between teachers and students. Interviewees
organizations invested in Apple to provide an
improved teacher and student experience and
drive top benefits for instructional flexibility,
creative learning, student engagement, teacher
career development, device resiliency, and user
experience. Several interviewees cited their
device program with Apple as an underlying
driver for being chosen as a National Blue
Ribbon School.
• Better device reliability and durability.
Interviewees invested in Apple devices, in part,
for their durability. iPad and
MacBook Air models were less prone to
breakages compared to legacy devices and
retained more value for longer. This allowed
school districts to resell devices, recoup costs,
and reinvest in the district. After their investment,
We
see fewer significant issues in the Apple
environment than we saw with our non-Apple
built hardware and
• Greater cost efficiencies when considering a
multiyear deployment. Interviewees perceived
Apple as less costly than legacy devices when
factoring in the residual value of the devices, the
avoided costs of repairs, and a greater device
lifecycle.
• Improved security posture. The rising level of
cybersecurity threats was a growing concern
amongst school districts. Sixty percent of survey
respondents using Apple devices cited that
security was their most valuable feature.
Interviewees saw Apple devices as less prone to
attacks, benefiting organization risk profiles and
offsetting IT administration time addressing
vulnerabilities and incidents.
• Greater IT operational efficiency to manage
devices. Interviewees viewed a 1:1 Apple device
program as a way to streamline device
management for IT admins and technicians.
• Supportive Apple partnership and educational
expertise. Interviewees
and support as a differentiator when their
organizations made device investment decisions.
The director of technology told Forrester,
E
to teachers, former teachers, former
administrators, who all know exactly what we
TYPICAL APPLE DEVICES USE CASES
Interviewed customers implemented 1:1 Apple device
programs in several ways.
• Typically, districts deployed iPad models across
either grades K-12 or K-8; with those choosing
the latter option deploying MacBook Air models
for grades 9-12.
• Teachers had a 1:1 MacBook Air deployment or
2:1 MacBook Air and iPad deployment.
• One interviewee used iPad and MacBook Air
models for grades Pre-K-1, respectively, while
grades 2-12 had non-Apple devices.
• Common peripherals and additional devices
included iPad cases, keyboards, Apple Pencil,
and Apple TV. Please see Appendix B for more
information.
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 10
THE APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION CUSTOMER JOURNEY
VOICE OF THE CUSTOMER: CUSTOMER
JOURNEY
SECURITY AND RELIABILITY
-Apple] roles, we were constantly
sending masses of laptops to our technical
people to deal with malware and all kinds of
different software programs to make sure that viruses
would stay off those computers. It seemed like it was
never ending issues that we had to deal with
Superintendent, school district
stories we heard about the stability of the platform,
the strength for learning, the ability to manage it,
and the sheer amount of uptime; most of these
things are what you want to see in an environment
Executive director of technology, school district
We chose Apple due to the reliability all the
different apps that you can use with the camera and
with augmented reality, all the other different things
we can use that iPad for. We can adapt our iPad
usage across all the different apps that we have in
our math, English, and social studies classrooms.
Our teachers demanded that they wanted to change
what instructional e
Superintendent, school district
DURABILITY
-Apple devices] all the
time and the major differentiator [with Apple] is
the [durability of the] screen
Chief technology officer, school district
Apple is better for instructional technology
. Apple is by far the market
leader for best durability. I like that I can [still] pick up
a MacBook [after] kids bounce them off sidewalks,
leave them on top of their cars. very
Superintendent, school district
INSTRUCTIONAL CAPABILITY
Investing in Apple devices boiled down to
instructional capability, that is, the ability for the
device to meet our core instructional and learning
goals. The Apple environment was a clear winner
stacked up against other environments. Apple is
Executive director of technology, school district
STUDENT EXPERIENCES AND OUTCOMES
s?
because our students and teachers have far more
capabilities. Our students can show us what they
Director of technology, school district
minimal state test requirements go higher, it is to
give the students different ways to show what
manage information
Director of technology, school district
we want [Apple
devices] to be a tool for creation
We wanted kids to
be able to show their learning in a variety of ways
and not just have a device that replaces a paper and
pencil. We view the iPad as a creation tool and the
things that our ki
amazing
High school principal, school district
We want digitally informed citizens. We want
them to understand what it means to have a
digital footprint. We want them to be able to use
this tool as a vehicle in whatever they pursue in the
real world after high school
technical school, a four-year university, or going
Superintendent, school district
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 11
THE APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION COMPOSITE ORGANIZATION
COMPOSITE ORGANIZATION
Based on the interviews and survey, Forrester
constructed a TEI framework, a composite
organization, and an ROI analysis that illustrates the
areas financially affected. The composite
organization is a representative school district of the
eight interviewees and the 234 survey respondents,
and it is used to present the aggregate financial
analysis in the next section. The composite
organization has the following characteristics:
Description of composite. The composite
organization is a U.S. based public school district
serving 10,000 students across grades K-12. The
composite organization employs 625 teachers and
eight IT administrators.
Deployment characteristics. Prior to investing in
Apple, the composite organization had a 1:1 device
program with a mixture of non-Apple devices for
students and teachers. After investing in 1:1 program
with Apple devices, the composite organization
replaces all legacy devices with iPad devices for
students and MacBook Air devices for teachers. All
devices are refreshed in Year 1 with costs spread
over the device lifecycle of four years. Devices,
peripherals, and management costs are financed
over four years, which is also the recognized device
lifecycle length for iPad and MacBook Air devices.
Key Assumptions
• 10,000 students
• 625 teachers
• 8 IT administrators
• 1:1 iPad program for K-
12 students
• MacBook Air for
teachers
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 12
Analysis Of Educational Benefits
Qualitative benefits that impact students, teachers, and schools
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL
BENEFITS
Customers cited nonfinancial benefits of leveraging
Apple devices for their students, teachers, and
administrators that had a significant impact on
student and teacher experience. Increasing
educational outcomes and engagement for students,
increasing collaboration between students and
teachers, and making common tasks easier for
teachers were the top priorities of 234 survey
respondents.
Apple devices improved student creativity,
engagement, and learning outcomes. Apple
devices helped students and teachers be more
creative in the way they demonstrated and engaged
with classroom technology and lessons, which
improved student outcomes. In a survey of 125
education decision-makers who leveraged Apple
devices at their organizations, respondents were
asked what benefits they experienced from using
Apple devices. The top responses were improved
student engagement (64%), improved the class
teaching experience (63%), improved the ability to
conduct hybrid learning (59%) and improved the
(50%).
• A high school principal discussed what they
heard from students:
they are excited to be at school, it comes down to
the ability to create and be creative. Creativity is
• A principal explained how they think about
student learning and engagement as it relates to
their devices:
ability to have choice and the ability for students
to show what they have learned and collaborate
with others. One of the benefits we have seen
with Apple is attracting students and student
their learning in the way that they would like to
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 13
ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS
• The same principal also cited the iPad as a key
proven to be a device for creativity and sparking
the imagination. Our kids seamlessly integrated it
• Apple devices provided and enabled additional
accessibility features so students with special
needs could adjust settings and improve their
experience.
Apple devices enhanced teacher collaboration
and instruction flexibility from a unified
ecosystem. Teachers streamlined their in-classroom
mobility, presentations, file sharing, and student
activity monitoring by operating under one
ecosystem. Interviewees cited specific features such
as Airdrop for easy file transfer assignment
creativity suite (GarageBand, iMovie, Keynote, etc.);
Apple TV for quick screen sharing; and other
integrations between iPad, iPhone, and MacBook Air
models.
• A high school principal shared: W
where we are today without the use of the Apple
ecosystem that we have, and we are a Gold Star
School on the cusp of being a National Blue
Ribbon School. We have kids creating and taking
ownership in their learning and viewing
themselves as leaders in our community and
world.
VOICE OF THE CUSTOMER: EDUCATIONAL
BENEFITS
• accessibility features level the
playing field for all students by enabling students
with differences to learn alongside their peers
using the exact same device, without standing
High school principal, school district
• -
creativity tools for the kind of work that our
students can do on the iPad. With those devices,
students were mostly just consuming information
off their screen rather than leveraging the devices
for creativity
Assistant superintendent, school district
•
technology to help kids learn,
more Apple devices out there
Executive director of technology, school
district
• From [my experience] being in both worlds at
one time or another, the Apple devices are more
intuitive and are easier to use. I think more
thought goes into the design and it works well for
education. On top of the ease-of use, the
Director of technology, school district
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 14
Analysis Of School District Benefits
Quantified benefit data as applied to the composite organization
AVOIDED LEGACY TECHNOLOGY COSTS
Evidence and data. Interviewees
avoided legacy device refresh costs by investing in a
fully Apple 1:1 device program. Legacy devices often
required additional costs that could be avoided in an
Apple device program.
Interviewees reported that the maximum lifecycle for
legacy devices were typically three years, while iPad
lifecycles were anywhere between three and six
years due to the hardware build quality and durability.
Teacher usage for MacBook Air models ranged from
four to six years. Interviewe organizations avoided
costs associated with more frequent device refreshes
in their legacy environment. They also spent less on
hardware repair and replacement costs.
• Fifty-six survey respondents reported extending
device lifecycles by 18.5 months on average
moving to Apple.
• The executive director of technology stated: The
big issue with [non-Apple devices] is that school
districts plan to use them for three or four years,
but they never last for three or four years. They
usually last for two or three years.
• The superintendent of a school district told
Forrester:
There might be a little bit more of a higher cost
upfront compared to a [non-Apple] device, but
with an Apple
product. You can get five years out of them
without major issues.
Modeling and assumptions. In modeling the
composite organization, Forrester assumes:
• The composite organization utilized 10,000
legacy student devices and 625 legacy teacher
devices in its prior environment.
• Legacy student and teacher devices had a three-
year lifecycle and were financed over three
years. The composite avoids a third of the total
costs of legacy devices annually.
• The composite organization paid $22 per legacy
device for device management software for the
entire device lifecycle, or $7.33 annually.
Total Benefits
Ref.
Benefit
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Total
Present
Value
Atr
Avoided legacy technology
costs
$1,157,029
$1,157,029
$1,157,029
$1,157,029
$4,628,117
$3,667,627
Btr
Device residual value cost
savings
$0
$0
$0
$686,702
$686,702
$469,027
Ctr
IT operational efficiency
$315,000
$315,000
$315,000
$315,000
$1,260,000
$998,508
Total benefits (risk-adjusted)
$1,472,029
$1,472,029
$1,472,029
$2,158,731
$6,574,819
$5,135,162
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 15
ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL DISTRICT BENEFITS
• The composite incurred an additional $40 cost
per device for breakage, hardware, and
replacement expenses.
Risks. The expected financial impact is subject to
risks and variation based on several factors,
including:
• Number of devices in the prior environment.
• Legacy device, master data management (MDM),
and repair costs.
• Lifecycle length of legacy devices.
• Device financing structure.
Results. To account for these risks, Forrester
adjusted this benefit downward by 10%, yielding a
four-year, risk-adjusted total PV (discounted at 10%)
of $3.67 million.
Avoided Legacy Technology Costs
Ref.
Metric
Source
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
A1
Number of legacy, non-Apple student
devices previously in use, 3-year device
lifecycle
Composite
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
A2
Cost of each legacy, non-Apple student
device
Interviews
$279
$279
$279
$279
A3
Device management and additional
repair cost per device over full lifecycle
Composite
$62
$62
$62
$62
A4
Legacy, non-Apple student device cost
incurred per year, 3-year financing
Composite
33.3%
33.3%
33.3%
33.3%
A5
Subtotal: Avoided cost of legacy non-
apple student devices
A1*(A2+A3)*A4
$1,135,530
$1,135,530
$1,135,530
$1,135,530
A6
Number of legacy, non-Apple teacher
devices previously in use, 3-year device
lifecycle
Composite
625
625
625
625
A7
Cost of each legacy, non-Apple teacher
device
Interviews
$699
$699
$699
$699
A8
Device management costs per device
over full lifecycle
Interviews
$22
$22
$22
$22
A9
Legacy, non-Apple teacher device cost
incurred per year, 3-year financing
Composite
33.3%
33.3%
33.3%
33.3%
A10
Subtotal: Avoided cost of legacy non-
apple teacher devices
A6*(A7+A8)*A9
$150,058
$150,058
$150,058
$150,058
At
Avoided legacy technology costs
A5+A10
$1,285,588
$1,285,588
$1,285,588
$1,285,588
Risk adjustment
Atr
Avoided legacy technology costs (risk-
adjusted)
$1,157,029
$1,157,029
$1,157,029
$1,157,029
Four-year total: $4,628,117
Four-year present value: $3,667,627
Director of technology, school
district
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 16
ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL DISTRICT BENEFITS
DEVICE RESIDUAL VALUE COST SAVINGS
Evidence and data. Apple devices retained 20% to
30% of their value by the end of the device lifecycle,
depending on the lifecycle length. This allowed
organizations to resell used iPad
models to third parties and reinvest those savings
into their device programs or other initiatives.
• The superintendent told Forrester:
distinguishes Apple from other hardware is the
these iPad [models] back at the end of next
school year for maybe $130, $140, $150. But if
you have a [non-Apple device], they have four
use the money we get back for resell and roll that
• The chief technology officer stated:
built [Apple devices residual value] into the
revenue of the plan. We will recover a certain
amount of money year over year from reselling
our Apple products. If they were [non-Apple]
that amount that we would not be able to do the
• The c
years we still get a decent return on iPad
[models]. The fact they hold their value allows us
to use that as revenue to help to fund the [device]
Modeling and assumptions. Forrester assumes the
composite organization sells all of the 10,000 iPad
models and 625 MacBook Air models purchased in
Year 1 at the end of Year 4, recouping 20% and 25%
of the initial device cost, respectively.
Risks. The expected financial impact is subject to
risks and variation based on factors including realized
Apple device lifecycle length and resale value.
Results. To account for these risks, Forrester
adjusted this benefit downward by 5%, yielding a
four-year, risk-adjusted total PV of $469,000.
Device Residual Value Cost Savings
Ref.
Metric
Source
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
B1
Number of iPad devices refreshed at end
of school year, 4-year device lifecycle
Composite
10,000
B2
Cost per iPad
Composite
$299
B3
End of lifecycle resell value for iPad
devices
Interviews
20%
B4
Subtotal: Cost savings for iPad
B1*B2*B3
$598,000
B5
Number of MacBook Air devices
refreshed at the end of the year, 4-year
device lifecycle
Composite
625
B6
Cost per MacBook Air
$799
$799
B7
End of lifecycle resell value for MacBook
Air devices
Interviews
25%
B8
Subtotal: Cost savings for MacBook Air
B5*B6*B7
$124,844
Bt
Device residual value cost savings
B4+B8
$0
$0
$0
$722,844
Risk adjustment
Btr
Device residual value cost savings (risk-
adjusted)
$0
$0
$0
$686,702
Four-year total: $686,702
Four-year present value: $469,027
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 17
ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL DISTRICT BENEFITS
IT OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY
Evidence and data. Interviewees reported greater
operational efficiency for IT and technician teams
managing Apple devices. With Apple, interviewees
and survey respondents organizations experienced
nearly out-of-the-box deployment, fewer help-desk
requests, improved security posture, and less time
spent on repairs. As a result, organizations could
reallocate their
tasks. Forrester found the following insights:
• The director of technology told Forrester that their
IT staff typically spent 50% to 75% of their day
fixing non-Apple devices.
• The superintendent of a school district report:
people if we were managing [non-Apple devices]
instead of iPad [models]I [would] probably
need .
Interviewees shared additional IT benefits of
managing Apple devices, including:
• Ease of deployment. The director of technology
told Forrester: an out-of-the-box
experience. In the past, you had to unpackage
every computer, image it, set it all up, [and] give it
to a student. [Then] they had to do their setup.
Now a student can pull an iPad out of a box for
the first time and the iPad automatically joins our
network, pulls down all our settings and self-
service app, and knows who the student is. They
log in with their network username and password.
All of that just gets taken care of literally before
• Greater IT productivity. The director of
technology explained:
time to work with staff in a training capacity as
well as being a support person instead of the
break-fix person. It gives them more time to do
other things
The superintendent said:
the [non-
tearing a laptop apart and putting new hardware
into that device.
The executive director of technology stated:
and up and running,
keep an eye on things, run reports as needed,
etc.
• Improved security posture. One school district
organization eliminated 24 hours a month of IT
staff time spent addressing security concerns due
to the improved security posture Apple devices
introduced. The executive director of technology
explained: required to
harden the [non-Apple] environment, which is
more of a target for exploits. If we were
deploying 11,000 [non-Apple] laptops versus
11,000 iPad [models]
$40,000 to $50,000
• Forty-three of 102 surveyed
education decision makers who have
security and compliance insights
reduced the number of annual
severe security incidents by 14%.
• Forty-three of 91 surveyed education
decision makers who have IT
insights reported reducing the
number of monthly tickets by 14.6%.
• Forty-eight of 102 surveyed decision
makers who have IT insights saved
2.2 hours a week on average
managing and repairing devices.
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 18
ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL DISTRICT BENEFITS
Modeling and assumptions. In modeling the
composite organization, Forrester assumes:
• The composite employs eight IT FTEs to manage
legacy devices in the prior state.
• The composite repurposes 2.8 FTE worth of IT
time to other value add tasks.
• The average IT administrator fully burdened rate
is $125,000.
Risks. The expected financial impact is subject to
risks and variation based on factors including:
• Change management, learning a new
ecosystem, and baseline skill sets.
• Size of IT teams and fully burdened rate.
Results. To account for these risks, Forrester
adjusted this benefit downward by 10%, yielding a
four-year, risk-adjusted total PV of $999,000.
STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY
The value of flexibility is unique to each customer.
There are multiple scenarios in which a customer
might implement Apple devices for Education and
later realize additional uses and business
opportunities, including:
• Streamlined presentation, sharing, and
collaboration with Apple TV versus legacy
interactive displays. Customer organizations
reaped additional benefits implementing Apple
TV, which streamlined sharing and presentation
capabilities, reduced non-learning time, and
enabled cost savings by retiring and avoiding
additional legacy presentation device costs. The
superintendent in a school district told Forrester:
TV in every classroom. We
interactive displays]
seven years. School districts spend hundreds
and hundreds or thousands of dollars on [legacy
iPad and a student can click on that Apple TV
and project their iPad on there, and the teacher
can project their own iPad and write on it using
an Apple Pencil.
• Apple support and training. Interviewees
reported that Apple-provided training improved
IT Operational Efficiency
Ref.
Metric
Source
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
C1
Number of IT FTEs required to manage
legacy devices
Composite
8
8
8
8
C2
Avoided device maintenance and
management labor with Apple
Interviews
35%
35%
35%
35%
C3
Repurposed headcount due to increased
IT operational efficiency
C1*C2
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
C4
Number of IT FTEs required to manage
current environment
C1-C3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
C5
IT administrator fully burdened rate
TEI standard
$125,000
$125,000
$125,000
$125,000
Ct
IT operational efficiency
C3*C5
$350,000
$350,000
$350,000
$350,000
Risk adjustment
Ctr
IT operational efficiency (risk-adjusted)
$315,000
$315,000
$315,000
$315,000
Four-year total: $1,260,000
Four-year present value: $998,508
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 19
ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL DISTRICT BENEFITS
teacher engagement, skillset, and device
adoption success. The superintendent in a school
district stated: The training that Apple provides
us is awesome. We have professional
development throughout the year we call
instructional fairs, and they are like mini
conferences that you would go to where you get
to pick sessions of your choice. Apple always
brings trainers in for our sessions to provide
ongoing professional learning for our staff and
administrative team. I appreciate that partnership
with Apple.
• The executive director of technology told
Forrester,
on the phone by the same day or next day for
getting problem solved.
that with some of these other tools out there
Flexibility would also be quantified when evaluated as
part of a specific project (described in more detail in
Appendix A).
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 20
Analysis Of Costs
Quantified cost data as applied to the composite
DEVICE AND TRAINING COSTS
Evidence and data. Interviewees considered the
following costs when investing in Apple: iPad and
MacBook Air devices, peripherals, device
management software, and IT administration training
to deploy and manage Apple devices. AppleCare or
third-party insurance providers could cover additional
device insurance costs. Interviewees noted the
following considerations when investing in Apple
devices:
• Device financing and leasing options.
rganizations had a variety of
financing and leasing options to optimize
technology budgets, as one superintendent
explained:
have to upfront the cost with Apple right out of
the gate. [models] cost a
million dollars. We might be doing three or four
payments of roughly $300,000 annually over
• Peripheral costs. The most common peripherals
and complimentary technology interviewees
purchased included iPad cases, keyboards,
Apple Pencil, and Apple TV. Several interviewees
testified that students often preferred digital
keyboards over physical keyboards, especially
for grades four and above. A high school
principal told Forrester: found is that
the keyboard cases were just being used as
covers. Sometimes they break and the kids
Y
replace it. I just want to have something to
Modeling and assumptions. In modeling the
composite organization, Forrester assumes:
• The composite purchases 10,000 iPad devices
for students and 625 MacBook Air devices for
teachers in Year 1 of their investment.
• The device lifecycle length is four years for both
iPad and MacBook Air models.
• The composite pays $7.25 annually, or $29 over
four years, per device for their MDM solution.
• The composite pays $35 per iPad cover.
• The composite finances their device, peripheral,
and MDM software over 4 years, paying 25% of
the cost each year.
• The composite IT personnel spend a total of 16
hours each in a $3,500 training course.
Risks. The expected financial impact is subject to
risks and variation based on several factors,
including:
• Cost of devices, peripherals, and device
management software.
• Types and mix of devices and peripherals
chosen.
Total Costs
Ref.
Cost
Initial
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Total
Present
Value
Dtr
Device and training
Costs
$0
$1,100,470
$1,088,719
$1,088,719
$1,088,719
$4,366,627
$3,461,775
Total costs (risk-
adjusted)
$0
$1,100,470
$1,088,719
$1,088,719
$1,088,719
$4,366,627
$3,461,775
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 21
ANALYSIS OF COSTS
• Level of IT experience and expertise.
• Additional deployment labor and employee
training needed.
• Additional AppleCare costs.
Results. To account for these risks, Forrester
adjusted this cost upward by 5%, yielding a four-year,
risk-adjusted total PV (discounted at 10%) of $3.46
million.
Device And Training Costs
Ref.
Metric
Source
Initial
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
D1
Number of iPad devices for students in
use
Composite
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
D2
Cost per iPad*
Interviews
$299
$299
$299
$299
D3
Cost of device management software
and peripherals per iPad for full lifecycle
Interviews
$64
$64
$64
$64
D4
Device cost incurred per year with 4-
year financing (device lifecycle)
Composite
25%
25%
25%
25%
D5
Subtotal: iPad, management software,
and peripheral costs
D1*(D2+D3)*D4
$907,500
$907,500
$907,500
$907,500
D6
Number of MacBook Air devices for
teachers in use
Composite
625
625
625
625
D7
Cost per MacBook Air*
Interviews
$799
$799
$799
$799
D8
Cost of device management software
per MacBook Air over lifecycle
Interviews
$29
$29
$29
$29
D9
Device cost incurred per year with 4-
year financing (device lifecycle)
Composite
25%
25%
25%
25%
D10
Subtotal: MacBook Air and
management software costs
D6*(D7+D8)*D9
$129,375
$129,375
$129,375
$129,375
D11
Training course cost for IT
administrators
Interviews
$3,500
D12
FTEs in training course
Composite
8
D13
Hours each FTE spends in training
course
Composite
16
D14
FTE fully burdened hourly rate
TEI standard
$52
D15
Attendee labor costs
D12*D13+D14
$7,692
D16
Subtotal: Total training costs
D11+D15
$11,192
Dt
Device And Training Costs
D5+D10+D13
$1,048,067
$1,036,875
$1,036,875
$1,036,875
Risk adjustment
Dtr
Device And Training Costs (risk-
adjusted)
$0
$1,100,470
$1,088,719
$1,088,719
$1,088,719
Four-year total: $4,366,627
Four-year present value: $3,461,775
*Pricing may vary. Contact an Apple representative for additional details.
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 22
Analysis Of Additional Benefits
Quantified benefits that are not included in the ROI calculation but are important for schools
TEACHER PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
Key Results. Teachers recapture 1.5 hours per week
resulting in a total four-year present value of $1.35
million worth of labor related to teaching and
administrative tasks for the composite organization.
This benefit is not quantified as part of the ROI
analysis. However, Forrester has included a
calculation table in Appendix C to help demonstrate
the impact of these efficiency gains.
Evidence and data. By leveraging iPad and
MacBook Air models in the classroom, teachers in
improved lesson
plan collaboration, communication with
administrators, and student monitoring and
assistance.
across devices, teachers performed their work on
their preferred device at their preferred time, which
reduced the amount of time it took to perform day-to-
day tasks like grading, planning, research, and
checking-in on students.
The time savings reduced time spent on
administrative tasks, communication, and planning.
Ultimately, teachers spent more time dedicated to
curriculum planning and engaging with students.
• A survey of educational organizations found that
65% of organizations that use Apple devices
improved collaboration with teachers, aides, and
administrators compared to when they used non-
Apple devices. On average, respondents
reported that teachers saved 1.9 hours per week.
Voice Of The Customer: Teacher Productivity
Improvement
•
how easy it is to collaborate. I can take my iPad,
my MacBook, or my iPhone, find a TV,
immediately connect to AirPlay, and collaborate
on the spot. This is true anywhere in our district
and teachers frequently set up quick
collaboration sessions with a few other teachers
Superintendent,
school district
Student and Teacher Benefits
Ref.
Benefit
Impacted Groups
Relevant Metrics
Wtr
Teacher productivity improvement reduced time spent on
admin. work and increased amount of in-classroom teaching time
Students
Teachers
Hours saved
Dollars (salary) recaptured
Xtr
Improved teacher retention teachers are less likely to move
schools or leave teaching when given Apple devices
School District
Teachers
Students
Avoided headcount churn
Dollars saved
Ytr
Improved student enrollment schools with Apple devices attract
more students from other schools or online alternatives
School District
Additional funding (dollars)
Ztr
Recaptured academic learning time for students students
spend less time on non-learning activities in-class with Apple devices
Teachers
Students
Academic learning time
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 23
ANALYSIS OF ADDITIONAL BENEFITS
•
-Apple device to use.
We are accustomed to using MacOS. We know
be able to use the screen mirroring and other
CTO, school district
•
teachers are able to look on their device and see
what the student right in front of them in the
classroom is doing on their iPad. We view this as
a way to help kids that might be stuck on
something or to ask a student, Can I show what
you are doing up on the screen for the rest of the
c Executive
director of technology, school district
IMPROVED TEACHER RETENTION
Key Results. Reduce teacher churn by 15%
resulting in $761,000 of avoided replacement costs
over four years for the composite organization. This
benefit is not quantified as part of the ROI analysis.
However, Forrester has included a calculation table
in Appendix C to help demonstrate the impact of
improved teacher retention.
Evidence and data. With Apple devices, survey
respondents experienced less teacher churn
compared to when they had non-Apple devices. A
survey of educational organizations found that 41%
of respondents who leverage Apple devices reported
an improvement to teacher retention rates since
deploying Apple. On average, respondents reported
a 31% reduction in teacher churn. Interviewees
reported improved teacher satisfaction with Apple
devices a key indicator of burnout and churn.
3
A
consistent environment in every classroom and
amongst students, teachers, and administrators
made planning and executing lessons easier.
Consistency year over year allowed teachers to
confidently invest time and energy to learn and grow
with the same ecosystem, Apple devices were
viewed as premium devices and demonstrated that
schools were willing to invest in teachers. Schools
also reported that Apple provided teachers with
accreditation, professional development resources,
and free or subsidized classes.
Voice Of The Customer: Improved Teacher
Retention
•
teaching and learning, 100%. The professional
development that Apple provides has allowed our
teachers to truly embrace personalize learning
and take advantage of the devices. Our teachers
would never go back to that traditional type of
learning without an iPad in their hands; they
Superintendent, school district
•
when they can discover something new and can
implement it in the classroom the same day. Or if
a student comes to them, teachers can facilitate
that just-in-time learning right in the moment with
their Appl Director of technology,
school district
•
iPad. When you make it possible for teachers to
be busy about the classroom, create that
proximity and presence to their kids, and still be
very much engaged in whole group instruction,
CTO, district
•
now. Apple has phenomenal professional
learning that our teachers can access. There are
tons of different and cool resources in there that
teachers bring into the classroom and share with
Director of technology, school
district
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 24
ANALYSIS OF ADDITIONAL BENEFITS
IMPROVED STUDENT ENROLLMENT
Key Results. Improved student enrollment by 2%
annually, resulting in $1.52 million of additional
student funding over four years for the composite
organization. This benefit is not quantified as part of
the ROI analysis. However, Forrester has included a
calculation table in Appendix C to help demonstrate
the impact of improved student enrollment.
Evidence and data. Forresteresearch proves that
positive experiences, whether from customers or
employees, will generate better outcomes and higher
levels of engagement and retention. While education
is different from traditional businesses in many ways,
the same concepts can still be relevant to both
spaces. Interviewees shared the following examples
of how Apple devices provided positive experiences
for students and teachers, and how the devices
helped improve the overall performance and
perception of their schools:
• One customer reported a 4% boost to enrollment
and a 75% reduction in dropout rates, attributing
the results to their Apple devices.
• With Apple devices, districts can bring in-person
and remote learning closer together so students
do not fall behind and have an easier time
transitioning between in-person and remote
classes. Districts can also give students
experience using the same tools as real-world
professionals and develop unique and immersive
courses that use Apple technology to give
students ownership over their learning. A few
examples of unique classes that were developed
using Apple devices include:
▪ A business incubator where students
pitch ideas and then build out a business.
▪ A culinary arts course where students
develop menus, budget for expenses, and
learn how to manage a restaurant.
▪ Teachers using QR codes to instruct
students at various levels simultaneously.
Voice Of The Customer: Improved Student
Enrollment
•
technology and the advancements that we have
made. [By] giving every student an iPad, we are
our dropout rate go from 20 kids per year to
below five per year now. We have also had over
100 kids come back to our district from a cyber
is still impacted by COVID-19, we have definitely
seen a positive impact from the Apple devices,
and we have saved hundreds of thousands of
Superintendent, school
district
•
of complaints about our Apple devices. The
biggest challenge was convincing parents who
were skeptical. The most effective way to get
parents to buy in is to show them how the iPad
can be used in the classroom, the creative work
that students submit, and the kinds of lessons
that teachers can produce using the device.
Assistant superintendent, school district
•
look at equity. We make sure that every kid in our
school district is getting a great device with great
Superintendent, school district
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 25
ANALYSIS OF ADDITIONAL BENEFITS
RECAPTURED STUDENT ACADEMIC TIME
Key Results. Students recapture 30% more
academic time, totaling 13 hours of recaptured
academic time per year for the composite
organization. This benefit is not quantified as part of
the ROI analysis. However, Forrester has included a
calculation table in Appendix C to help demonstrate
the impact of recaptured student academic time.
Evidence and data. Interviewees reported that with
Apple devices, there was less friction with technology
in their classrooms compared to legacy devices.
They also reported that both students and teachers
said that Apple devices were more intuitive and
easier to use for educational purposes.
• With non-Apple devices, teachers and students
spent more time troubleshooting connectivity and
login issues and getting students on the same
page at the beginning of class or at the start of a
new lesson.
• Apple devices quickly connected to other devices
in the Apple ecosystem, making it easier to share
screens, connect devices, and transfer files.
• The Apple iPad operating system, iOS, was
intuitive for children and was a format that they
were used to seeing and interacting.
• Interviewees mentioned that the camera on the
iPad was easy to use and convenient to
incorporate into lesson plans and the classroom
environment.
• Pre-K to elementary school students and
students with special needs could intuitively
interact with the devices and use accessibility
tools to aid in learning.
Voice of the Customer: Recaptured Student
Academic Time
•
have an app that they can just click on instead of
going to a website and having to log in. The kids
just prefer to go right from the iPad [to] switch
their calendar, put music on while they are
working, airdrop an assignment to the teacher.
Superintendent, school district
• -friendly which is really
important. There is no other device where you
can hand it to a group of kindergartners and say,
Hit the blue app, or, it the app with a big A on
tried to use a non-Apple tablet device at one
point,
Superintendent, school district
• chool, each kid has about 40
minutes per day where they are working on
something that is personalized to them using
Apple products and the iPad. Kids can truly get
the content that they need and work on their
strengths and weaknesses and that is built
into every single day in the school.
Superintendent, school district
•
creativity is when you go in a classroom, the
Apple devices level the playing field for all kids. I
h
difficulties from their previous school, but, when
they come to our school,
their learning in a variety of ways thanks to the
High school principal, school
district.
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 26
Financial Summary
CONSOLIDATED FOUR-YEAR RISK-ADJUSTED METRICS
-$1.5 M
-$1.0 M
-$0.5 M
$0.5 M
$1.0 M
$1.5 M
$2.0 M
$2.5 M
Initial Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Cash
flows
Cash Flow Chart (Risk-Adjusted)
Total costs Total benefits Cumulative net benefits
These risk-adjusted ROI and
NPV are determined by
applying risk-adjustment
factors to the unadjusted
results in each Benefit and
Cost section.
The financial results calculated in the
Benefits and Costs sections can be
used to determine the ROI and NPV for
investment. Forrester assumes a
yearly discount rate of 10% for this
analysis.
Cash Flow Analysis (Risk-Adjusted Estimates)
Initial
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Total
Present
Value
Total costs
$0
($1,100,470)
($1,088,719)
($1,088,719)
($1,088,719)
($4,366,627)
($3,461,775)
Total
benefits
$0
$1,472,029
$1,472,029
$1,472,029
$2,158,731
$6,574,819
$5,135,162
Net benefits
$0
$371,559
$383,310
$383,310
$1,070,012
$2,208,192
$1,673,387
ROI
48%
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION 27
Appendix A: Total Economic
Impact
Total Economic Impact is a methodology developed
by Forrester
technology decision-making processes and assists
vendors in communicating the value proposition of
their products and services to clients. The TEI
methodology helps companies demonstrate, justify,
and realize the tangible value of IT initiatives to both
senior management and other key business
stakeholders.
TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT APPROACH
Benefits represent the value delivered to the
business by the product. The TEI methodology
places equal weight on the measure of benefits and
the measure of costs, allowing for a full examination
of the effect of the technology on the entire
organization.
Costs consider all expenses necessary to deliver the
proposed value, or benefits, of the product. The cost
category within TEI captures incremental costs over
the existing environment for ongoing costs
associated with the solution.
Flexibility represents the strategic value that can be
obtained for some future additional investment
building on top of the initial investment already made.
Having the ability to capture that benefit has a PV
that can be estimated.
Risks measure the uncertainty of benefit and cost
estimates given: 1) the likelihood that estimates will
meet original projections and 2) the likelihood that
estimates will be tracked over time. TEI risk factors
other cash flows are discounted using the discount rate at the
end of the year. PV calculations are calculated for each total
cost and benefit estimate. NPV calculations in the summary
tables are the sum of the initial investment and the
discounted cash flows in each year. Sums and present value
calculations of the Total Benefits, Total Costs, and Cash Flow
tables may not exactly add up, as some rounding may occur.
PRESENT VALUE (PV)
The present or current value of
(discounted) cost and benefit estimates
given at an interest rate (the discount
rate). The PV of costs and benefits feed
into the total NPV of cash flows.
NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV)
The present or current value of
(discounted) future net cash flows given
an interest rate (the discount rate). A
positive project NPV normally indicates
that the investment should be made,
unless other projects have higher NPVs.
RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)
terms. ROI is calculated by dividing net
benefits (benefits less costs) by costs.
DISCOUNT RATE
The interest rate used in cash flow
analysis to take into account the
time value of money. Organizations
typically use discount rates between
8% and 16%.
PAYBACK PERIOD
The breakeven point for an investment.
This is the point in time at which net
benefits (benefits minus costs) equal initial
investment or cost.
Appendix C: Qualitative Benefit Tables
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
28
Appendix B: Interview And Survey Demographics
Survey Demographics
Interviews
Role
Organization
District level devices
Students/ Faculty
And Staff
Chief technology officer
Pre-K-12 school district
Pre-K-1: 1:1 iPad ratio
2-12: Non-Apple devices
Teachers: 1:1 MacBook Air ratio
42,000 students
3,700 faculty and staff
Superintendent
Pre-K-12 school district
K-6: 1:1 iPad ratio
7-12: MacBook Air
Teacher and staff: MacBook Air and iPad
27,000 students
4,000 faculty and staff
Director of technology
K-12 school district
High School
K-8: 1:1 iPad ratio
9-12: 1:1 MacBook Air ratio
Teachers: 2:1 MacBook Air and iPad ratio
Apple TV and Apple Pencil
12,500 students
2,000 faculty and staff
High school principal
Executive director of technology
K-12 school district
K-12: 1:1 iPad
Teachers: Predominantly MacBook Air
Apple Pencil
11,000 students
1,500 faculty and staff
Assistant superintendent for
technology and innovation
Pre-K-12 school district
High School
1:1 iPad ratio
Teachers: 2:1 MacBook and iPad ratio
8,500 students
950 faculty and staff
High school principal
Superintendent
K-12 school district
1:1 iPad ratio
Teachers 2:1 MacBook and iPad ratio
Apple TV
2,400 students
320 faculty and staff
Base: 234 Education decision-makers
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester on behalf of Apple, January 2023
Appendix C: Qualitative Benefit Tables
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
29
Base: 234 Education decision-makers
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester on behalf of Apple, January 2023
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
30
Appendix C: Additional Benefit Tables
TEACHER PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
This benefit is not quantified as part of the ROI
analysis. However, Forrester has included this
calculation table to help demonstrate the impact of
these efficiency gains for teachers for schools and
districts.
Modeling and assumptions. Forrester models the
composite organization as follows:
• The district has 625 full time teachers working 40
weeks per year in-school.
• Teachers save 1.5 hours per week with Apple
devices compared to when they used non-Apple
devices.
• Forrester applies a 50% productivity capture.
This means that the model expects teachers to
leverage 50% of the recaptured time for
productive work. The other 50% of time is
assumed to be spent on non-productive tasks.
• Teachers fully-burdened hourly salary is $41 per
hour.
Risks. The impact of this benefit may vary due to:
• The impact that Apple devices have on teacher
and staff collaboration.
• The number of weeks per school year.
• The average hourly salary for teachers.
Results. To account for these risks, Forrester
adjusted this benefit downward by 15%. Results are
presented in:
• Number of hours saved per teacher.
• Total number of hours saved for the district.
• Quantified savings based on teacher salaries.
Salary savings are not intended to suggest that
schools can reduce the overall number of teachers
as a result of this investment.
Impact. While quantified teacher productivity gains
do not impact a sc-line budget,
efficiency gains for teachers do impact student and
teacher outcomes.
Teacher Productivity Improvement
Ref.
Metric
Source
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
W1
Number of teachers
Composite (B3)
625
625
625
625
W2
Hours saved per week
Interviews and
survey
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
W3
Number of weeks in school year
Composite
40
40
40
40
W4
Annual hours saved from using Apple
devices per teacher
W2*W3
60
60
60
60
W5
Productivity recapture
Composite
50%
50%
50%
50%
W6
Subtotal: Hours recaptured annually per
teacher
W4*W5
30
30
30
30
W7
Total hours recaptured annually - district
W1*W6
18,750
18,750
18,750
18,750
W8
Fully burdened hourly salary for teachers
$70,000/2080
hours
$34
$34
$34
34
Wt
Teacher productivity improvement
W1*W6*W8
$637,500
$637,500
$637,500
$637,500
Risk adjustment
Wtr
Teacher productivity improvement (risk-
adjusted)
$541,875
$541,875
$541,875
$541,875
Annual total: $541,875
Four-year present value: $1,717,671
Annual teacher productivity improvement: 30 hours
Annual district-wide productivity improvement: 18,750 hours
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
31
Appendix C: Additional Benefit Tables
Results. To account for these risks, Forrester
adjusted this benefit downward by 20%. Results are
presented in:
▪ The impact that Apple devices have on
teacher retention.
▪ Replacement costs for teachers.
Impact. Improved teacher retention could be
included in an ROI calculation because schools and
districts save money by improving retention. This
benefit represents real dollar savings for schools and
districts.
IMPROVED TEACHER RETENTION
This benefit is not quantified as part of the ROI
analysis. However, Forrester has included a
calculation table to help demonstrate the impact of
improved teacher retention.
Modeling and assumptions. Forrester models the
composite organization as follows:
• The average teacher churn rate in the US is
16%.
4
• With Apple, the teacher churn rate is reduced by
15%.
• Replacement cost for one teacher is $20,000.
5
Risks. The impact of this benefit may vary due to:
• Current teacher churn rates.
• Impact that Apple devices have on teachers.
Improved Teacher Retention
Ref.
Metric
Source
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
X1
Number of teachers using Apple devices
Composite
625
625
625
625
X2
Average teacher churn rate (national
average)
NCES
16%
16%
16%
16%
X3
Reduction in churn rate attributable to
Apple
Survey
15%
15%
15%
15%
X4
Average teacher churn rate with Apple
X2*(1-X3)
13.60%
13.60%
13.60%
13.60%
X5
Avoided teacher churn with Apple
X1*(X2-X3)
15
15
15
15
X6
Replacement cost per teacher
NCES
$20,000
$20,000
$20,000
$20,000
Xt
Increased teacher retention with Apple
X5*X6
$300,000
$300,000
$300,000
$300,000
Risk adjustment
Xtr
Increased teacher retention with Apple
(risk-adjusted)
$240,000
$240,000
$240,000
$240,000
Annual total: $240,000
Four-year present value: $760,768
Teacher retention improvement: 15%
Avoided teacher churn: 15 teachers per year
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
32
Results. To account for these risks, Forrester
adjusted this benefit downward by 20%. Results are
presented in:
▪ Percentage improvement in student
enrollment
▪ Quantified value of student enrollment
improvement.
Impact. Improved student enrollment could be
included in an ROI calculation because schools
receive funding based on enrollment. Having more
students complete a year of school will translate
directly into more funding dollars for that school.
IMPROVED STUDENT ENROLLMENT
This benefit is not quantified as part of the ROI
analysis. However, Forrester has included this
calculation table to help demonstrate the impact of
these efficiency gains for teachers for schools and
districts
Modeling and assumptions. Forrester models the
composite organization as follows:
• The district receives $15,000 in annual funding
per enrolled student.
• Districts that leverage Apple devices for students
and teachers see a 2% improvement to
enrollment compared to when the same school
used non-Apple devices.
• 20% of the enrollment improvement is directly
attributable to Apple devices.
Risks. The impact of this benefit may vary due to:
• Annual funding per enrolled student and how
student-funding is handled in state.
• The impact that Apple devices will have on
student enrollment.
•
Improved Student Enrollment
Ref.
Metric
Source
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Y1
Total number of students
Composite
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
Y2
Annual funding per student
Interviews
$15,000
$15,000
$15,000
$15,000
Y3
Improvement in student enrollment
Survey and
Interviews
2%
2%
2%
2%
Y4
Subtotal: Enrollment improvement
Y1*Y2*Y3
$3,000,000
$3,000,000
$3,000,000
$3,000,000
Y5
Attribution to Apple devices
Composite
20%
20%
20%
20%
Yt
Improved student enrollment
Y4*Y5
$600,000
$600,000
$600,000
$600,000
Risk adjustment
Ytr
Improved student enrollment (risk-
adjusted)
$480,000
$480,000
$480,000
$480,000
Four-year total: $1,920,000
Four-year present value: $1,521,535
Improved student enrollment: 2% annually
Annual value of improved student enrollment: $600,000
Appendix C: Additional Benefit Tables
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
33
Results. Forrester did not apply a risk adjustment to
this benefit because the results are calculated in
hours and are not demonstrating a financial impact.
The results are presented in:
▪ Number of academic days saved per
student per year.
▪ Number of academic hours recaptured
per student.
Impact. This benefit should not be included in an
ROI calculation because reducing the amount of
nonlearning time for students does not carry a direct
financial cost or benefit for schools. However, this
benefit is important because it directly impacts
students and teachers.
RECAPTURED STUDENT ACADEMIC TIME
Modeling and assumptions. Forrester models the
composite organization as follows:
• Survey data suggests that each student loses 45
hours of academic time per year due to major
and minor interruptions and technology
challenges.
• With Apple devices, students can reduce this
lost academic time by 30%.
• One academic day equals 7 hours of in-school
instruction time.
Risks. The impact of this benefit may vary due to:
• Average lost academic time per student with
non-Apple devices.
• The degree to which the Apple device
ecosystem can increase academic time.
• The number of academic hours per day.
Appendix C: Additional Benefit Tables
Recaptured Student Academic Days Per Student
Ref.
Metric
Source
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Z1
Average lost academic time per student
in legacy environment (hours)
Survey
45
45
45
45
Z2
Recaptured academic time with Apple
Survey
30%
30%
30%
30%
Z3
Subtotal: Academic time gained per
student (hours)
Z1*Z2
13
13
13
13
Zt
Recaptured Student Academic Days Per
Student
Z3 / 7 hours
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
Risk adjustment
0%
Ztr
Recaptured Student Academic Days Per
Student (risk-adjusted)
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
Recaptured student academic time annually: 13 hours
Four-year total recaptured student academic time: 7.6 days
Summary Table: Total Additional Benefits
Ref.
Benefit
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Total
Present
Value
Wtr
Teacher productivity
improvement
30 hours per
teacher
30 hours per
teacher
30 hours per
teacher
30 hours per
teacher
120 hours per
teacher
N/A
$541,875
$541,875
$541,875
$541,875
$2,167,500
$1,717,671
Xtr
Increased teacher retention
with Apple
$240,000
$240,000
$240,000
$240,000
$960,000
$760,768
Ytr
Improved student enrollment
$480,000
$480,000
$480,000
$480,000
$1,920,000
$1,521,535
Ztr
Recaptured Student
Academic Days Per Student
1.9 days
1.9 days
1.9 days
1.9 days
7.6 days
N/A
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
34
Appendix D: Endnotes
1
technology decision-making processes and assists vendors in communicating the value proposition of their
products and services to clients. The TEI methodology helps companies demonstrate, justify, and realize the
tangible value of IT initiatives to both senior management and other key business stakeholders.
2
Source: Introduction To Present Value Khan Academy.
3
March 4, 2020.
4
Source: Desiree Carver-Thomas and Linda Darling-Hammond, The Trouble with Teacher Turnover: How
Teacher Attrition Affects Students and SchoolsAnalysis Archives, April 8, 2019.
5
Source: Ibid.
THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF APPLE DEVICES FOR EDUCATION
35
